新时代司法鉴定工作的改革发展

 

刘振宇

（中华人民共和国司法部，北京 100020）

 

摘　要： 司法鉴定是诉讼活动的重要组成部分，对保障司法公正具有重要作用。针对司法鉴定管理存在的准入和监管不严及司法鉴定行业总体发展状况不理想等问题，应当进一步健全统一司法鉴定管理体制。同时，从“严格准入，把好入口”，“严格监管，优胜劣汰”，“综合施策，强化监管”等方面不断提升司法鉴定行业形象。在司法鉴定科学技术能力水平方面，要健全完善制度体系，司法鉴定机构要加大投入，司法鉴定人要切实提高专业技术能力。我们要不断推进新时代司法鉴定事业高质量发展，主要包括加强司法鉴定协会建设，推动实施分级管理，建设一批司法鉴定重点实验室，加强司法鉴定公共法律服务平台建设。

关键词： 司法鉴定；统一管理；行业形象；科学技术

中图分类号: DF8　　文献标志码: A　　doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2018.01.001

文章编号： 1671-2072-（2018）01-0001-05

 

Reform and Development of Judicial Appraisal in the New Era

LIU Zhen-yu

(Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100020, China)

Abstract: Forensic appraisal is an important component of litigation activities and plays an important role in ensuring judicial fairness. For the supervision of judicial appraisal, there exist some problems, such as lenient supervision for entry into the business and the unsatisfactory overall development of the forensic industry. We should further improve the unified management system of forensic appraisal. In the meantime, the image of forensic industry should be constantly upgraded by the measures of “strict control of access”, “strict supervision survival of the fittest”, “comprehensive policy enforcement and enhancing supervision”. As for the forensic science and technology capabilities, we must improve and make perfect the system of institutions, judicial appraisal institutions should increase input; judicial appraisers should effectively improve the professional and technical capabilities. Finally, we must continue to push forward the high-quality development of judicial appraisal in the new era, including strengthening the construction of judicial appraisers associations, promoting the implementation of classified management, establishing a batch of key laboratories, strengthening the construction of a public legal service platform for forensic appraisal.

Keywords: forensic science; unified management; industry image; science and technology

 

 

 

 

 

 

司法鉴定过程的法律规制研究

——以“其他类”司法鉴定为视角

 

刘克毅

（西北政法大学，陕西 西安 710063）

 

摘　要： “其他类”司法鉴定与法医、物证、声像等类型的司法鉴定有明显的不同，鉴定过程中的许多事项，例如鉴定用途的合法性，鉴定标准的选择，鉴定材料真实性、完整性以及取得方式合法性的判断等等，都是与价值评判密切相关的法律问题。采取不同的法律规制方式，让法官、当事人有效地参与“其他类”司法鉴定的鉴定过程，以法官的审判权和当事人的诉权制衡鉴定人的鉴定权，可以提高鉴定意见的可靠性、科学性和可接受性，有效地减少补充鉴定、重新鉴定的出现，节约鉴定成本、提高鉴定效益，进而促进纠纷公正、便捷地解决。

关键词： 司法鉴定；其他类司法鉴定；司法鉴定过程

中图分类号: DF8　　文献标志码: A　　doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2018.01.002

文章编号： 1671-2072-（2018）01-0006-06

 

Study on Legal Regulation of Judicial Expertise

— from the Perspective of “Others” Forensic Expertise

LIU Ke-yi

（Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an 710063, China）

Abstract: “Others” forensic expertise is significantly different from the types of forensic medicine, forensic physical evidence and forensic audio/video in many aspects, such as the legitimacy of the use of appraisal, the choice of appraisal standards, authenticity and completeness of appraisal materials, as well as the determination of the legitimacy of obtaining the materials, etc., which are legal issues closely related to value judgment. We should take different regulations towards the categories, let judges, the parties effectively participate in the “other type” forensic appraisal process， so that the judges’authority to hear a case and the parties’ litigation right can balance against the right of the appraisers， and may improve the objectiveness， reliability， acceptability of the appraisal opinions，effectively reduce supplementary appraisal or  re-appraisal. In this way， the cost of appraisal can be reduced and the efficiency improved， thus promoting the fair and quick resolution of disputes.

Keywords: forensic expertise; other type of forensic expertise; forensic expertise process

 

 

 

 

 

中国古代司法检验制度研究

 

朱姗姗

（南京师范大学 法学院，江苏 南京 210046）

 

摘　要： 司法检验制度是一个历史的进程，其随着政治制度、司法制度的不断更替而进化，随着科学技术发展水平的进步而完善。中国古代司法检验制度开始于西周，在秦代形成为制度，于唐宋时期达到鼎盛。在法律上规定了检验的程序、检验文书以及检验不实的惩戒；在实践中形成和涌现了大量有关检验的私家著作。元、明、清是中国古代司法检验制度停滞不前的时代，虽在制度上结合时代特点稍作改动，但没有实质性发展。中国古代司法检验制度无论在制度实践还是在检验技术上都对当代中国检验鉴定制度有积极的借鉴意义，而古代司法检验制度发展中所存在的弊端应是我国当代司法检验制度建设中必须要避免的。

关键词： 诉讼制度；司法检验；司法鉴定

中图分类号: DF8　　文献标志码: A　　doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2072.2018.01.003

文章编号： 1671-2072-（2018）01-0012-09

 

Research of the Ancient Chinese Judicial Inspection System

ZHU Shan-shan

（Law School of Nanjing Normal University， Nanjing 210046， China）

Abstract: The Judicial inspection system is a historically developing process. It evolves with the continuous change of the political system and judicial system， and improves with the development of science and technology. The ancient Chinese judicial inspection system began in the Western Zhou Dynasty and formed in the Qin Dynasty. The judicial inspection system reached its peak during the Tang and Song Dynasties. The pertinent law provided the inspection process， inspection instrument and penalty discipline for false inspection. In practice， a large number of private books about judicial inspection were published. Yuan，Ming and Qing Dynasties were an era when the ancient Chinese judicial inspection system stagnated. Although it was slightly changed， it had not developed substantively. The useful experience of ancient China deserves to be learned not only for its system but also for its techniques， and the defects of the systems should be avoided.

Keywords: litigation system; judicial inspection; judicial appraisal

 

 

 

 

 

司法鉴定标准化法制机制建设研究

 

朱晋峰，沈 敏

（司法鉴定科学研究院 上海市法医学重点实验室 上海市司法鉴定专业技术服务平台，上海 200063）

 

摘　要： 司法鉴定标准化法制是司法鉴定标准化工作能否顺利运行的关键，影响到司法鉴定最终结果的准确性。在研究司法鉴定标准化法制问题之前，有必要对司法鉴定标准、司法鉴定标准化、司法鉴定标准化工作、司法鉴定标准化法制等相近概念予以厘清。同时，应当明确无论是从国际司法协作、履行国际条约角度，还是从顺应以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革、树立司法鉴定权威、公信力等角度来看，都有必要对司法鉴定标准化法制机制问题予以研究。针对目前司法鉴定标准化立法滞后、司法鉴定标准的司法适用性较差、司法鉴定标准政出多门等问题，提出应当以新《标准化法》的颁布为契机，考虑发布《司法鉴定标准化管理办法》；同时，明确司法鉴定标准的管理机构；明确政府在司法鉴定标准中的地位；鼓励司法鉴定行业的团体标准，鼓励司法鉴定机构制定机构标准。

关键词： 司法鉴定；标准化；标准化法制；司法鉴定标准化委员会

&l